Study the intensity distribution of laser in X and Y direction using the corresponding micrometer of XYZ stage. The beam is scanned linearly using the micrometer noting down the output current of the detector at close intervals. Plot the detector current Vs distance graph and can study the gaussian nature of the laser beam.

The 'Beam Diameter' is defined as "The distance across the center of the beam for which the irradiance (E) equals (  1  /  e²  =  0.135  )". The 'Spot Size' (ω ) of the beam is "The radial distance (radius) from the center point of maximum irradiance to the 1  /  e² point". These definitions provide standard measures of laser beam size.

Divergence angle θ is given by,

θ   =   tan^-1   (   |   ω₂   -   ω₁   |   )

Where ω₁ and ω₂ are the beam spot sizes at two different positions say Z₁ and Z₂ respectively.

Plot a graph with polarizer angle and the output current from the detector and can study the polarization nature of the laser beam.

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