Will this cover the existing fog light cutouts, or do I need to modify them?

This bumper comes as a solid panel. If your vehicle has factory fog lights, you'll need to carefully cut or route out the openings to match your existing light housings before painting and installation.

Are there sensor holes pre-drilled for parking sensors or bumper-mounted equipment?

No. This cover ships as a blank panel without any pre-cut sensor holes. If your vehicle uses factory parking sensors, plan to drill or route those openings to align with your sensor locations during installation prep.

Should I paint this before or after installing it on the car?

Either method works, but most builders paint before installation to avoid masking the rest of the vehicle. Since this Requires Surface Prep, you can sand, fill seams if needed, prime, and paint off the car for best results.